Effigy of “Mahoma” (Muhammad). A tradition shared with Biar.
A festive symbol with more than a century and a half of history
Among the many peculiarities that make Villena’s Moors and Christians Festival unique, one figure stands out, steeped in history and meaning: the Effigy of “Mahoma” (Muhammad). This figure, beyond a historical or religious figure, represents the Christian victory in the context of the embassies and symbolic acts of the festival.
Its presence not only adds drama to the performances but also connects directly with the more theatrical and anthropological roots of our celebrations.
Origin of the Effigy in Villena
A tradition that began in 1838
The first documented reference to this figure in Villena dates back to 1838, when an agreement was made with the neighbouring town of Biar to share its use. Since then, the image has been ceremonially entrusted to Villena each year—an act that reinforces the festive bond between the two towns.
The fact that this tradition has endured for over 150 years makes it one of the oldest and most distinctive customs in the Alto Vinalopó region.
What does the Effigy of Muhammad represent?
A symbol of defeat in the embassies
In the context of the Embassies, the Effigy of Muhammad symbolizes the defeat of the Moorish side. After the final parley and the Christian reconquest of the castle, the figure is displayed as a war trophy, in a clear theatrical allusion to the outcome of the conflict.
This act, far from generating controversy, is always represented from a historical, festive, and theatrical perspective, without any offensive intent, as part of a tradition that has been maintained with respect and fidelity to the original script.
A shared figure: unity between peoples
The uniqueness of this tradition lies not only in the figure itself, but in the fact that it is shared with Biar, something that does not occur anywhere else. This inter-municipal collaboration has become a symbol of friendship, understanding, and respect between two peoples who passionately celebrate their festivals.
The Effigy of Mahoma is part of Villena’s rich intangible heritage and is one of the most representative pieces in the Festive Museum, where many other relics related to the festival are preserved. Its value lies not in the physical object itself, but in everything it represents for the collective memory of the people of Villena.